Butterflies


Checklist of Butterflies from Rhoko, Iko Esai Community Forest, Cross River State, Nigeria Up to April 9, 2008 - Follows Butterflies of West Africa, Torben B. Larsen Butterfly diversity is a good indicator of total diversity, because of direct dependence of butterfly larvae on specific plants— often there might be a one plant/one species relationship. Since butterflies are easy to survey, it is one of the quickest ways of assessing total diversity at a broad level. Surveys are in process and being carried out by Robert Warren, under the direction of Torben B. Larsen, Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, renowned butterfly expert and author of the definitive identification volume 'Butterflies of West Africa'. Dr. Oskar Brattström from Lund University in Sweden has also recently joined the survey efforts. Please scroll down
Superfamily PAPILIONOIDEA Latreille, 1802 Family PAPILIONIDAE Latreille, 1802 Subfamily Papilioninae Latreille, 1802 PAPILIO Linné, 1758 P. dardanus dardanus Brown, 1776 P. phorcas congoanus Rothschild, 1896 P. hesperus hesperus Westwood, 1843 P. nireus nireus Linné, 1758 P. menestheus menestheus Drury, 1773 P. demodocus demodocus Esper, 1798 P. andronicus Ward, 1871 P. cynorta cynorta Fabricius, 1793 GRAPHIUM Scopoli, 1777 G. latreillianus latreillianus Godart, 1819 G. ucalegon ucalegon Hewitson, 1865 G. leonidas leonidas Fabricius, 1793 G. illyris illyris Hewitson, 1873 G. policenes Cramer, 1775 G. antheus Cramer, 1779 Family PIERIDAE Swainson, 1820 Subfamily Pseudopontiinae Reuter, 1896 PSEUDOPONTIA Plötz, 1870 P. paradoxa paradoxa Felder & Felder, 1869 Subfamily Coliadinae Swainson, 1821 EUREMA Hübner, 1819 E. senegalensis Boisduval, 1836 E. hecabe solifera Butler, 1875 Subfamily Pierinae Swainson, 1820 Tribe Pierini Swainson, 1820 NEPHERONIA Butler, 1870 N. argia argia Fabricius, 1775 N. thalassina thalassina Boisduval, 1836 N. pharis pharis Boisduval, 1836 BELENOIS Hübner, 1819 B. calypso calypso Drury, 1773 B. theora theora Doubleday, 1846 B. theuszi Dewitz, 1889 APPIAS Hübner, 1819 A. sylvia sylvia Fabricius, 1775 A. sabina sabina Felder & Felder, 1865 LEPTOSIA Hübner, 1818 L. alcesta alcesta Stoll, 1781 L. hybrida hybrida Bernardi, 1952 L. marginea Mabille, 1890 MYLOTHRIS Hübner, 1819 M. chloris chloris Fabricius, 1775 M. sulphurea Aurivillius, 1895 M. rhodope Fabricius, 1775 Family LYCAENIDAE Leach, 1815 Subfamily Miletinae Reuter, 1896 Tribe Miletini Reuter, 1896 MEGALOPALPUS Röber, 1886 M. zymna Westwood, 1851 M. metaleucus Karsch, 1893 Subfamily Lipteninae Tribe Pentilini PTELINA Clench, 1965 P. carnuta Hewitson, 1873 PENTILA Westwood, 1852 P. pseudorotha Stempffer & Bennett, 1961 P. tachyroides Dewitz, 1879 P. maculata maculata Kirby, 1887 P. camerunica Stempffer & Bennett, 1961 P. hewitsoni limbata Holland, 1893 TELIPNA Aurivillius, 1895 T. acraea conjuncta Jackson, 1969 T. sanguinea sanguinea Plötz, 1880 ORNIPHOLIDOTOS Bethune-Baker, 1914 O. onitshae Stempffer, 1962 Tribe Mimacraeini MIMACRAEA Butler, 1872 M. apicalis apicalis Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890 MIMERESIA Stempffer, 1961 M. libentina Hewitson, 1866 Tribe Liptenini LIPTENA Westwood, 1851 L. decipiens decipiens Kirby, 1890 L. modesta Kirby, 1890 L. catalina Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1887 FALCUNA Stempffer & Bennett, 1963 F. libyssa libyssa Hewitson, 1866 F. campimus Holland, 1890 TETRARHANIS Karsch, 1893 T. simplex Aurivillius, 1895 T. ogojae Stempffer, 1961 T. stempfferi stempfferi Berger, 1954 LARINOPODA Butler, 1871 L. aspidos Druce, 1890 MICROPENTILA Aurivillius, 1895 M. brunnea brunnea Kirby, 1887 Tribe Epitolini Jackson, 1962 EPITOLINA Aurivillius, 1895 E. dispar Kirby, 1887 Tribe Oxylidini Eliot, 1973 OXYLIDES Hübner, 1819 O. faunus camerunica Libert, 2004 Tribe IOLAINI Riley, 1958 IOLAUS Hübner, 1819 Subgenus Argiolaus Druce, 1891 I. poecilaon poecilaon Riley, 1928 Subgenus Tanuetheira Druce, 1891 I. timon timon Fabricius, 1787 Subgenus Epamera Druce, 1891 I. coelestis Bethune-Baker, 1926 I. pollux pollux Aurivillius, 1895 I. gemmarius Druce, 1910 I. sciophilus Schultze, 1916 I. aethria Karsch, 1893 I. iasis iasis Hewitson, 1865 I. creta Hewitson, 1878 Tribe Hypolycaenini Swinhoe, 1910 HYPOLYCAENA Felder, 1862 H. liara liara Druce, 1890 H. coerulea Aurivillius, 1895 H. scintillans Stempffer, 1957 H. nigra Bethune-Baker, 1914 Tribe Deudorigini Doherty, 1887 PILODEUDORIX Druce, 1891 P. zela Hewitson, 1869 P. virgata Druce, 1891 P. ula Karsch, 1895 PARADEUDORIX Libert, 2004 P. ituri ituri Bethune--Baker, 1908 P. marginata Stempffer, 1962 ? Subfamily Polyommatinae Swainson, 1827 Tribe Lycaenesthini Toxopeus, 1929 ANTHENE Doubleday, 1847 A. rubricinctus ssp. Holland, 1891 A. ligures Hewitson, 1874 ? A. liodes Hewitson, 1874 A. princeps princeps Butler, 1876 A. larydas Cramer, 1780 A. lysicles Hewitson, 1874 A. mahota Grose-Smith, 1887 A. scintillula scintillula Holland, 1891 NEURYPEXINA Bethune-Baker, 1910 N. lyzanius Hewitson, 1874 NEURELLIPES Bethune-Baker, 1910 N. lusones fulvimacula Mabille, 1890 Tribe Polyommatini Swainson, 1827 PSEUDONACADUBA Stempffer, 1944 P. sichela sichela Wallengren, 1857 P. aethiops Mabille, 1877 TUXENTIUS Larsen, 1982 T. carana kontu Karsch, 1893	EUCHRYSOPS Butler, 1900 E. malathana Boisduval, 1833 THERMONIPHAS Karsch, 1895 T. micylus micylus Cramer, 1780 OBORONIA Karsch, 1893 O. ornata ornata Mabille, 1890 AZANUS Moore, 1881 A. mirza Plötz, 1880 Family NYMPHALIDAE Swainson, 1827 Subfamily Libytheinae Boisduval, 1833 LIBYTHEA Fabricius, 1807 L. labdaca labdaca Westwood, 1851 Subfamily Danainae Boisduval, 1833 Tribe Danaini Boisduval, 1833 DANAUS Kluk, 1802 D. chrysippus chrysippus Linné, 1758 AMAURIS Hübner, 1816 A. niavius niavius Linné, 1758 A. tartarea tartarea Mabille, 1876 A. damocles damocles Fabricius, 1793 Subfamily Satyrinae Boisduval, 1833 Tribe Melanitini Reuter, 1896 MELANITIS Fabricius, 1807 M. leda Linné, 1758 Tribe Elymniini Herrich-Schäffer, 1864 ELYMNIOPSIS Fruhstorfer, 1907 E. bammakoo bammakoo Westwood, 1851 BICYCLUS Kirby, 1871 B. xeneas xeneas Hewitson, 1866 B. italus Hewitson, 1865 B. sciathis Hewitson, 1866 B. vulgaris Butler, 1868 B. dorothea dorothea Cramer, 1779 B. sandace Hewitson, 1877 B. funebris Guérin-Méneville, 1844 B. martius sanaos Hewitson, 1866 Tribe Satyrini Boisduval, 1833 YPTHIMA Hübner, 1818 Y. doleta Kirby, 1880 Subfamily Charaxinae Guenée, 1865 Tribe Charaxini Guenée, 1865 CHARAXES Ochsenheimer, 1816 C. protoclea protoclea Feisthamel, 1850 C. cynthia cynthia Butler, 1866 C. lucretius lucretius Cramer, 1775 C. tiridates tiridates Cramer, 1777 C. smaragdalis butleri Rothschild, 1900 C. ameliae doumeti Henning, 1989 C. zingha Stoll, 1780 C. etesipe etesipe Godart, 1824 C. eupale eupale Drury, 1782 C. subornatus subornatus Schultze, 1916 C. nichetes bouchei GroseSmith, 1883 Tribe Euxanthini Rydon, 1971 EUXANTHE Hübner, 1819 E. trajanus trajanus Ward, 1871 Tribe Pallini Rydon, 1971 PALLA Hübner, 1819 P. violinitens violinitens Crowley, 1890 P. ussheri ussheri Butler, 1870 Subfamily Nymphalinae Swainson, 1827 Tribal status uncertain KALLIMOIDES Shirôzu & Nakanishi, 1984 K. rumia jadyae Fox, 1968 Tribe Nymphalini Swainson, 1827 ANTANARTIA Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 A. delius delius Drury, 1782 Tribe Junoniini Reuter, 1896 PRECIS Hübner, 1819 P. pelarga Fabricius, 1775 HYPOLIMNAS Hübner, 1819 H. anthedon anthedon Doubleday, 1845 H. dinarcha dinarcha Hewitson, 1865 H. salmacis salmacis Drury, 1773 SALAMIS Boisduval, 1833 S. cacta cacta Fabricius, 1793 PROTOGONIOMORPHA Wallengren, 1857 P. parhassus Drury, 1782 JUNONIA Hübner, 1819 J. oenone oenone Linné, 1758 J. cymodoce cymodoce Cramer, 1777 J. sophia sophia Fabricius,1793 J. stygia Aurivillius, 1894 J. chorimene GuérinMéneville, 1844 J. terea terea Drury, 1773 CATACROPTERA Karsch, 1894 C. cloanthe ligata Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Subfamily Cyrestinae Guenée, 1865 Tribe Cyrestini Guenée, 1865 CYRESTIS Boisduval, 1832 C. camillus camillus Fabricius, 1781 Subfamily Biblidinae Boisduval, 1833 Tribe Eurytelini Doubleday, 1845 BYBLIA Hübner, 1819 B. anvatara crameri Aurivillius, 1894 MESOXANTHA Aurivillius, 1898 M. ethosea ethoseoides Rebel, 1914 ARIADNE Horsfield, 1829 A. enotrea enotrea Cramer, 1779 EURYTELA Boisduval, 1833 E. alinda Mabille, 1893 Tribe Epicaliini Guenée, 1865 SEVENIA Koçak, 1996 S. occidentalium occidentalium Mabille, 1876 S. amulia amulia Cramer, 1777 Subfamily Limenitidinae Behr, 1864 Tribe Limenitidini Behr, 1864 HARMA Doubleday, 1848 H. theobene theobene Doubleday, 1848 CYMOTHOE Hübner, 1819 C. oemilius oemilius Doumet, 1859 C. beckeri beckeri HerrichSchäffer, 1858 C. fumana fumana Westwood, 1850 C. reinholdi reinholdi Plötz, 1880 C. egesta egesta Cramer, 1775 C. capella Ward, 1871 C. indamora indamora Hewitson, 1866 C. consanguis Aurivillius, 1896 C. anitorgis Hewitson, 1874 C. coccinata coccinata Hewitson, 1874 PSEUDONEPTIS Snellen, 1882 P. bugandensis ianthe Hemming, 1964 PSEUDACRAEA Westwood, 1850 P. eurytus Linné, 1758 P. kuenowii gottbergi Dewitz, 1884 P. boisduvalii boisduvalii Doubleday, 1845 P. dolomena dolomena Hewitson, 1865 P. rubrobasalis Aurivillius, 1903 P. lucretia lucretia Cramer, 1775 P. semire Cramer, 1779 NEPTIS Fabricius, 1807 N. nemetes nemetes Hewitson, 1868 N. metella metella Doubleday, 1848 N. camarensis Schultze, 1920 N. carlsbergi Collins & Larsen, 2005 N. nicoteles Hewitson, 1874 N. mixophyes Holland, 1892 N. trigonophora melicertula Strand, 1912 N. agouale agouale PierreBaltus, 1978 N. melicerta Drury, 1773 N. troundi PierreBaltus, 1978 Tribe Adoliadini Doubleday, 1845 CATUNA Kirby, 1871 C. crithea Drury, 1773 C. oberthueri Karsch, 1894 C. angustatum Felder & Felder, 1867 EURYPHURA Staudinger, 1891 E. togoensis Suffert, 1904 E. chalcis Felder & Felder, 1860	ATERICA Boisduval, 1833 A. galene galene Brown, 1776 CYNANDRA Schatz, 1887 C. opis opis Drury, 1773 EURIPHENE Boisduval, 1847 E. incerta incerta Aurivillius, 1912 E. barombina Aurivillius, 1894 E. tadema tadema Hewitson, 1866 E. grosesmithi muehlenbergi Hecq, 1995 E. milnei Hewitson, 1865 E. abasa Hewitson, 1866 E. amicia amicia Hewitson, 1871 E. aridatha feronia Staudinger, 1891 E. gambiae gambiae Feisthamel, 1850 E. atossa atossa Hewitson, 1865 E. lysandra Stoll, 1790 BEBEARIA Hemming, 1960 B. tentyris Hewitson, 1866 B. carshena Hewitson, 1871 B. mandinga mandinga Felder & Felder, 1860 B. barce barce Doubleday, 1847 B. guineensis Felder & Felder, 1867 B. cocalia continentalis Hecq, 1988 B. sophus phreone Feisthamel, 1850 B. phranza phranza Hewitson, 1865 B. laetitia laetitia Plötz, 1880 B. flaminia flaminia Hecq & Larsen, 1997 B. maximiana Staudinger, 1891 B. nivaria nivaria Ward, 1871 B. phantasia phantasia Hewitson, 1865 B. phantasina phantasina Staudinger, 1891 ? B. cutteri cutteri Hewitson, 1865 B. innocua GroseSmith & Kirby, 1889 B. eliensis scrutata Hecq, 1989 B. octogramma GroseSmith & Kirby, 1889 EUPHAEDRA Hübner, 1819 Subgenus Proteuphaedra Hecq, 1976 E. luperca Hewitson, 1864 Subgenus Medoniana Hecq, 1976 E. medon medon Linné, 1763 Subgenus Xypetana Hecq, 1976 E. hewitsoni sumptuosa Hecq, 1974 E. crossei crossei Sharpe, 1902 Subgenus Radia Hecq, 1976 E. imitans Holland, 1893 Subgenus Euphaedra Hübner, 1819 E. cyparissa cyparissa Cramer, 1775 Subgenus Euphaedrana Hecq, 1976 E. permixtum diva Hecq, 1982 E. aureola Kirby, 1889 E. exerrata Hecq, 1982 E. janetta janetta Butler, 1871 E. splendens splendens Hecq, 1982 E. adonina adonina Hewitson, 1865 E. controversa Hecq, 1997 E. ravola Hewitson, 1866 E. margaritifera Schultze, 1920 E. rezia Hewitson, 1866 ? E. proserpina Hecq, 1983 E. eleus eleus Drury, 1782 E. semipreussiana Hecq, 1993 ? E. ruspina Hewitson, 1865 E. harpalyce harpalyce Cramer, 1777 E. losinga wardi Druce, 1874 Subfamily Heliconiinae Swainson, 1822 Tribe Acraeini Boisduval, 1833 ACRAEA Fabricius, 1807 Subgenus Actinote Hübner, 1816 A. translucida Eltringham, 1912 A. peneleos peneleos Ward, 1871 A. parrhasia parrhasia Fabricius, 1793 A. alciope Hewitson, 1852 A. jodutta jodutta Fabricius, 1793 A. lycoa Godart, 1819 A. serena Fabricius, 1775 A. oberthueri Butler, 1895 A. bonasia bonasia Fabricius, 1775 Subgenus Acraea Fabricius, 1807 A. quirina quirina Fabricius, 1781 A. vestalis vestalis Felder & Felder, 1865 A. umbra umbra Drury, 1782 A. alcinoe alcinoe Felder & Felder, 1865 A. consanguinea consanguinea Aurivillius, 1893 A. excisa Butler, 1874 A. elongata Butler, 1874 A. epaea epaea Cramer, 1779 A. tellus tellus Aurivillius, 1893 A. epiprotea Butler, 1874 Tribe Vagrantini Pinratana & Eliot, 1996 LACHNOPTERA Doubleday, 1847 L. anticlia Hübner, 1819 PHALANTA Horsfield, 1829 P. eurytis eurytis Doubleday, 1847 Superfamily HESPERIOIDEA Latreille, 1809 Family HESPERIIDAE Latreille, 1809 Subfamily Coeliadinae Evans, 1937 COELIADES Hübner, 1818 C. libeon Druce, 1875 PYRRHOCHALCIA Mabille, 1904 P. iphis Drury, 1773 CELAENORRHINUS Hübner, 1819 C. galenus galenus Fabricius, 1793 C. plagiatus Berger, 1976 TAGIADES Hübner, 1819 T. flesus Fabricius, 1781 EAGRIS Guenée, 1863 E. denuba denuba Plötz, 1879 CALLEAGRIS Aurivillius, 1925 C. lacteus dannatti Mabille, 1877 ERETIS Mabille, 1891 E. melania Mabille, 1891 ? ABANTIS Hopffer, 1855 A. elegantula elegantula Mabille, 1890 GORGYRA Holland, 1896 G. heterochrus Mabille, 1890 GYROGRA Lindsey & Miller, 1965 G. subnotata Holland, 1894 ? CERATRICHIA Butler, 1870 C. phocion phocion Fabricius, 1781 C. clara clara Evans, 1937 PARDALEODES Butler, 1870 P. edipus Stoll, 1781 OSMODES Holland, 1892 O. thora Plötz, 1884 O. lindseyi lindseyi Miller, 1964 OSPHANTES Holland, 1896 O. ogowena ogowena Mabille, 1891 ACLEROS Mabille, 1885 A. mackenii olaus Plötz, 1884 ANDRONYMUS Holland, 1896 A. hero Evans, 1937 A. helles Evans, 1937 PTEROTEINON Watson, 1893 P. laufella Hewitson, 1868 P. iricolor Holland, 1890 P. capronnieri Plötz, 1879 P. concaenira Belcastro & Larsen, 1996 LEONA Evans, 1937 L. binoevatus Mabille, 1891 MONZA Evans, 1937 M. alberti Holland, 1896 MELPHINA Evans, 1937 M. unistriga Holland, 1893 M. flavina Lindsey & Miller, 1965 M. statirides Holland, 1896 PLATYLESCHES Holland, 1896 P. affinissima Strand, 1921 ? BORBO Evans, 1949 B. gemella Mabille, 1884